CVE-2020-3566
CVE-2020-3566 is a security flaw in Cisco IOS XR, the operating system on Cisco’s routers and switches. Attackers can crash Cisco IOS XR or stop it working from anywhere, without logging in. The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks on 3 Nov 2021.[1]
Cisco IOS XR is business software or equipment. Most families won’t have it, but attackers break into it to get inside companies, and from there to what those companies hold about their customers, patients and staff. Cisco has published a fix or advice.
Description
CISA calls it a software DVMRP memory exhaustion in Cisco IOS XR. In its words: “Cisco IOS XR Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) incorrectly handles Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packets. Exploitation could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to immediately crash the IGMP process or make it consume available memory and eventually crash.”[1]
The CVE record adds: “A vulnerability in the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) feature of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to exhaust process memory of an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient queue management for Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IGMP traffic to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause memory exhaustion, resulting in instability of other processes. These processes may include, but are not limited to, interior and exterior routing protocols. Cisco will release software updates that address this vulnerability.”[2]
The underlying weakness is resource exhaustion (CWE-400), in MITRE’s list of common software weaknesses.
It scores 8.6 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, which rates it high, scored by NVD using CVSS 3.1.[2]
Affected versions
NVD’s record doesn’t list version ranges for it; Cisco’s advisory has them[3]. CISA names the product as Cisco IOS XR.
Most families won’t have Cisco IOS XR; it’s for whoever looks after IT at work.
Exploitation
CISA added it to its catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities on 3 Nov 2021, 431 days after it was made public. CISA lists a flaw only when it has reliable evidence of it being exploited, and gave US federal agencies until 3 May 2022 to fix it.[1]
FIRST’s Exploit Prediction Scoring System, which estimates how likely a flaw is to be used in attacks in the next 30 days from what it sees across the internet, puts it at 4%. That’s in the top 11% of the flaws it scores.[4]
CISA assesses it as automatable: attackers can run it against many targets at once.
CISA doesn’t say who was attacked, or how.
Fix
Cisco has published a fix or advice.[3] CISA’s required action: “Apply updates per vendor instructions.”[1]
- Check whether you use it.Cisco IOS XR is business software or equipment, so most families won’t have it. If you run a business, or work from home on company equipment, ask whoever looks after your IT.
- Send this page to your IT person.Ask them to confirm it’s fixed, or not in use. CISA gave US government agencies until 3 May 2022 to fix it.
- If it can’t be fixed, take it offline.CISA’s advice when there’s no fix is to stop using the product, or take it off the internet, until there is one.
You can’t fix someone else’s server, but you can watch for what follows a break-in like this: a breach notice, a password reset you didn’t ask for, or a scam message that knows things it shouldn’t. HARD watches for those for you and your family.
Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| The flaw is made public in the National Vulnerability Database, with a severity score of 8.6.[2] | |
| CISA adds it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks.[1] | |
| CISA’s deadline for US government agencies to fix it.[1] | |
| FIRST puts the odds of it being used in attacks in the next 30 days at 4%.[4] |
See also
Other Cisco IOS XR flaws
- CVE-2022-20821: open port ·
- CVE-2010-3035: border gateway protocol (BGP) denial-of-service ·
- CVE-2009-2055: border gateway protocol (BGP) denial-of-service ·
- CVE-2020-3569: software DVMRP memory exhaustion ·
- CVE-2020-3118: software discovery protocol format string ·
Other Cisco flaws
- CVE-2026-76418, Cisco Secure Firewall ASA Software and Cisco Secure FTD Software: unchecked return value to NULL pointer dereference ·
- CVE-2026-76519, Cisco Secure Email Gateway: relative path traversal ·
- CVE-2026-76504, Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager: hex encoding ·
- CVE-2026-76460, Cisco Identity Services Engine: incorrect use of privileged APIs ·
- CVE-2026-76461, Cisco Secure Email Gateway: SQL injection ·
Other resource exhaustion flaws
- CVE-2026-28318, SolarWinds Serv-U: uncontrolled resource consumption ·
- CVE-2026-45498, Microsoft Defender: denial of service ·
- CVE-2023-44487, IETF HTTP/2: rapid reset attack ·
- CVE-2023-38180, Microsoft .NET Core and Visual Studio: denial-of-service ·
Added the same day
- CVE-2021-42258, BQE BillQuick Web Suite: SQL injection ·
- CVE-2021-42013, Apache HTTP Server: path traversal ·
- CVE-2021-41773, Apache HTTP Server: path traversal ·
- CVE-2021-40539, Zoho ManageEngine: aDSelfService plus authentication bypass ·
- CVE-2021-40444, Microsoft MSHTML: remote code execution ·
Every Cisco flaw on CISA’s list · Everything added in November 2021
References
- ^ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. “Cisco IOS XR Software DVMRP Memory Exhaustion Vulnerability”. Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, added 3 Nov 2021.
- ^ National Institute of Standards and Technology. “CVE-2020-3566 Detail”. National Vulnerability Database, published 29 Aug 2020.
- ^ Cisco. Advisories and fixes: tools.cisco.com.
- ^ FIRST. “Exploit Prediction Scoring System”. EPSS 0.037, percentile 89.7, 31 Oct 2026.
- CVE Program. “CVE-2020-3566”. The official CVE record.
This article is built from CISA’s catalog (version 2026.10.30), NVD’s record and FIRST’s scores, kept in HARD’s database and checked every morning. The plain English is HARD’s.