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CVE-2023-28461

From Exploited flaws, HARD’s guide to the flaws being used in attacks · Checked
This article is about a flaw in Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS. For every flaw being used in attacks, see Exploited flaws.

CVE-2023-28461 is a security flaw in Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS. Attackers can run their own code on Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS from anywhere, without logging in. The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks on 25 Nov 2024, and says ransomware gangs have used it.[1]

Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS is business software or equipment. Most families won’t have it, but attackers break into it to get inside companies, and from there to what those companies hold about their customers, patients and staff. Array Networks has published a fix or advice.

Description

CISA calls it an AG and vxAG arrayOS missing authentication for critical function in Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS. In its words: “Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS contain a missing authentication for critical function vulnerability that allows an attacker to read local files and execute code on the SSL VPN gateway.”[1]

The CVE record adds: “Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."”[2]

The underlying weakness is missing authentication (CWE-306), in MITRE’s list of common software weaknesses.

It scores 9.8 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, which rates it critical, scored by NVD using CVSS 3.1.[2]

Affected versions

NVD’s record doesn’t list version ranges for it; Array Networks’s advisory has them[3]. CISA names the product as Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS.

Most families won’t have Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS; it’s for whoever looks after IT at work.

Exploitation

CISA added it to its catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities on 25 Nov 2024, 621 days after it was made public. CISA lists a flaw only when it has reliable evidence of it being exploited, and gave US federal agencies until 16 Dec 2024 to fix it.[1] CISA says ransomware gangs have used it.

FIRST’s Exploit Prediction Scoring System, which estimates how likely a flaw is to be used in attacks in the next 30 days from what it sees across the internet, puts it at 68%. That’s in the top 1% of the flaws it scores.[4]

CISA assesses it as automatable: attackers can run it against many targets at once.

CISA doesn’t say who was attacked, or how.

Fix

Array Networks has published a fix or advice.[3] CISA’s required action: “Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”[1]

  1. Check whether you use it.Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS is business software or equipment, so most families won’t have it. If you run a business, or work from home on company equipment, ask whoever looks after your IT.
  2. Send this page to your IT person.Ask them to confirm it’s fixed, or not in use. CISA gave US government agencies until 16 Dec 2024 to fix it.
  3. If it can’t be fixed, take it offline.CISA’s advice when there’s no fix is to stop using the product, or take it off the internet, until there is one.

You can’t fix someone else’s server, but you can watch for what follows a break-in like this: a breach notice, a password reset you didn’t ask for, or a scam message that knows things it shouldn’t. HARD watches for those for you and your family.

Timeline

DateEvent
The flaw is made public in the National Vulnerability Database, with a severity score of 9.8.[2]
CISA adds it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks, noting that ransomware gangs have used it.[1]
CISA’s deadline for US government agencies to fix it.[1]
FIRST puts the odds of it being used in attacks in the next 30 days at 68%.[4]

See also

Other Array Networks flaws

  • CVE-2025-66644, Array Networks ArrayOS AG: OS command injection ·

Other missing authentication flaws

  • CVE-2026-111357, Ivanti Connect Secure: missing authentication for critical function ·
  • CVE-2026-67277, MikroTik RouterOS: missing authentication for critical function ·
  • CVE-2026-81578, PaperCut NG/MF: missing authentication for critical function ·
  • CVE-2026-72529, TrueConf Server: missing authentication for critical function ·
  • CVE-2026-56164, Microsoft SharePoint Server: missing authentication for critical function ·

References

  1. ^ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. “Array Networks AG and vxAG ArrayOS Missing Authentication for Critical Function Vulnerability”. Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, added 25 Nov 2024.
  2. ^ National Institute of Standards and Technology. “CVE-2023-28461 Detail”. National Vulnerability Database, published 15 Mar 2023.
  3. ^ Array Networks. Advisories and fixes: support.arraynetworks.net.
  4. ^ FIRST. “Exploit Prediction Scoring System”. EPSS 0.681, percentile 99.3, 31 Oct 2026.
  5. CVE Program. “CVE-2023-28461”. The official CVE record.

This article is built from CISA’s catalog (version 2026.10.30), NVD’s record and FIRST’s scores, kept in HARD’s database and checked every morning. The plain English is HARD’s.