CVE-2025-0111
CVE-2025-0111 is a security flaw in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS, the operating system on Palo Alto Networks’ firewalls. Attackers are using a flaw in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS. The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks on 20 Feb 2025.[1]
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS is business software or equipment. Most families won’t have it, but attackers break into it to get inside companies, and from there to what those companies hold about their customers, patients and staff. Fixed in version 10.1.14-h9, 10.2.7-h24, 11.1.6-h1 and 11.2.4-h4 of PAN-OS.
Description
CISA calls it a file read in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS. In its words: “Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS contains an external control of file name or path vulnerability. Successful exploitation enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user.”[1]
The CVE record adds: “An authenticated file read vulnerability in the Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software enables an authenticated attacker with network access to the management web interface to read files on the PAN-OS filesystem that are readable by the “nobody” user. You can greatly reduce the risk of this issue by restricting access to the management web interface to only trusted internal IP addresses according to our recommended best practices deployment guidelines https://live.paloaltonetworks.com/t5/community-blogs/tips-amp-tricks-how-to-secure-the-management-access-of-your-palo/ba-p/464431 . This issue does not affect Cloud NGFW or Prisma Access software.”[2]
The underlying weakness is CWE-73, in MITRE’s list of common software weaknesses.
It scores 6.5 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, which rates it medium, scored by NVD using CVSS 3.1.[2]
Affected versions
NVD’s record lists these fixed versions: in each line, everything before the version shown is affected.[2]
| Product | Fixed in |
|---|---|
| PAN-OS | 10.1.14-h9 |
| PAN-OS | 10.2.7-h24 |
| PAN-OS | 11.1.6-h1 |
| PAN-OS | 11.2.4-h4 |
Most families won’t have Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS; it’s for whoever looks after IT at work.
Exploitation
CISA added it to its catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities on 20 Feb 2025, 8 days after it was made public. CISA lists a flaw only when it has reliable evidence of it being exploited, and gave US federal agencies until 13 Mar 2025 to fix it.[1]
FIRST’s Exploit Prediction Scoring System, which estimates how likely a flaw is to be used in attacks in the next 30 days from what it sees across the internet, puts it at 2%. That’s in the top 20% of the flaws it scores.[4]
CISA assesses it as not automatable: each attack takes some work.
CISA doesn’t say who was attacked, or how.
Fix
Palo Alto Networks has published a fix or advice.[3] CISA’s required action: “Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”[1]
- Check whether you use it.Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS is business software or equipment, so most families won’t have it. If you run a business, or work from home on company equipment, ask whoever looks after your IT.
- Send this page to your IT person.Ask them to confirm it’s fixed (fixed in version 10.1.14-h9, 10.2.7-h24, 11.1.6-h1 and 11.2.4-h4 of PAN-OS), or not in use. CISA gave US government agencies until 13 Mar 2025 to fix it.
- If it can’t be fixed, take it offline.CISA’s advice when there’s no fix is to stop using the product, or take it off the internet, until there is one.
You can’t fix someone else’s server, but you can watch for what follows a break-in like this: a breach notice, a password reset you didn’t ask for, or a scam message that knows things it shouldn’t. HARD watches for those for you and your family.
Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| The flaw is made public in the National Vulnerability Database, with a severity score of 6.5.[2] | |
| CISA adds it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks.[1] | |
| CISA’s deadline for US government agencies to fix it.[1] | |
| FIRST puts the odds of it being used in attacks in the next 30 days at 2%.[4] |
See also
Other Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS flaws
- CVE-2026-0322: code injection ·
- CVE-2026-0257: authentication bypass ·
- CVE-2026-0300: out-of-bounds write ·
- CVE-2025-0108: authentication bypass ·
- CVE-2024-3393: malicious DNS packet ·
- CVE-2024-9474: management interface OS command injection ·
Other Palo Alto Networks flaws
- CVE-2024-9465, Palo Alto Networks Expedition: SQL injection ·
- CVE-2024-9463, Palo Alto Networks Expedition: OS command injection ·
- CVE-2024-5910, Palo Alto Networks Expedition: missing authentication ·
Similar flaws
- CVE-2026-96656, Plex Media Server: external control of file name or path ·
- CVE-2025-33053, Microsoft Windows: external control of file name or path ·
- CVE-2025-24054, Microsoft Windows: NTLM hash disclosure spoofing ·
- CVE-2024-43451, Microsoft Windows: nTLMv2 hash disclosure spoofing ·
Added the same day
- CVE-2025-23209, Craft CMS: code injection ·
Every Palo Alto Networks flaw on CISA’s list · Everything added in February 2025
References
- ^ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. “Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS File Read Vulnerability”. Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, added 20 Feb 2025.
- ^ National Institute of Standards and Technology. “CVE-2025-0111 Detail”. National Vulnerability Database, published 12 Feb 2025.
- ^ Palo Alto Networks. Advisories and fixes: security.paloaltonetworks.com.
- ^ FIRST. “Exploit Prediction Scoring System”. EPSS 0.020, percentile 80.7, 31 Oct 2026.
- CVE Program. “CVE-2025-0111”. The official CVE record.
This article is built from CISA’s catalog (version 2026.10.30), NVD’s record and FIRST’s scores, kept in HARD’s database and checked every morning. The plain English is HARD’s.