CVE-2025-0411
CVE-2025-0411 is a security flaw in 7-Zip, a program for opening compressed files. A booby-trapped web page can run an attacker's code through 7-Zip. The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks on 6 Feb 2025.[1]
7-Zip is in things households have, such as phones, computers, browsers and everyday apps, so the fix matters at home as much as at work. 7-Zip has published a fix or advice.
Description
CISA calls it a mark of the web bypass in 7-Zip 7-Zip. In its words: “7-Zip contains a protection mechanism failure vulnerability that allows remote attackers to bypass the Mark-of-the-Web security feature to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user.”[1]
The CVE record adds: “7-Zip Mark-of-the-Web Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass the Mark-of-the-Web protection mechanism on affected installations of 7-Zip. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of archived files. When extracting files from a crafted archive that bears the Mark-of-the-Web, 7-Zip does not propagate the Mark-of-the-Web to the extracted files. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25456.”[2]
The underlying weakness is protection mechanism failure (CWE-693), in MITRE’s list of common software weaknesses.
It scores 7.0 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, which rates it high, scored by NVD using CVSS 3.1.[2]
Affected versions
NVD’s record doesn’t list version ranges for it; 7-Zip’s advisory has them[3]. CISA names the product as 7-Zip 7-Zip.
Every device with 7-Zip needs the update.
Exploitation
CISA added it to its catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities on 6 Feb 2025, 12 days after it was made public. CISA lists a flaw only when it has reliable evidence of it being exploited, and gave US federal agencies until 27 Feb 2025 to fix it.[1]
FIRST’s Exploit Prediction Scoring System, which estimates how likely a flaw is to be used in attacks in the next 30 days from what it sees across the internet, puts it at 67%. That’s in the top 1% of the flaws it scores.[4]
CISA assesses it as not automatable: each attack takes some work.
CISA doesn’t say who was attacked, or how.
Fix
7-Zip has published a fix or advice.[3] CISA’s required action: “Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”[1]
- Update 7-Zip now.Install the latest update from 7-Zip on every device that has it, and restart when asked. Then turn on automatic updates, so the next fix arrives on its own.
- If there’s no update, stop using it.CISA’s advice when a flaw being used in attacks has no fix is to stop using the product until it does.
Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| The flaw is made public in the National Vulnerability Database, with a severity score of 7.0.[2] | |
| CISA adds it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks.[1] | |
| CISA’s deadline for US government agencies to fix it.[1] | |
| FIRST puts the odds of it being used in attacks in the next 30 days at 67%.[4] |
See also
Other protection mechanism failure flaws
- CVE-2026-58704, Google Pixel: improper authorization ·
- CVE-2026-32202, Microsoft Windows: protection mechanism failure ·
- CVE-2025-40536, SolarWinds Web Help Desk: security control bypass ·
- CVE-2026-21513, Microsoft Windows: MSHTML framework protection mechanism failure ·
- CVE-2026-21510, Microsoft Windows: shell protection mechanism failure ·
Added the same day
- CVE-2024-21413, Microsoft Office Outlook: outlook improper input validation ·
- CVE-2022-23748, Audinate Dante Discovery: process control ·
- CVE-2020-29574, Sophos CyberoamOS: (CROS) SQL injection ·
- CVE-2020-15069, Sophos XG Firewall: buffer overflow ·
References
- ^ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. “7-Zip Mark of the Web Bypass Vulnerability”. Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, added 6 Feb 2025.
- ^ National Institute of Standards and Technology. “CVE-2025-0411 Detail”. National Vulnerability Database, published 25 Jan 2025.
- ^ 7-Zip. Advisories and fixes: 7-zip.org, vicarius.io, vicarius.io.
- ^ FIRST. “Exploit Prediction Scoring System”. EPSS 0.671, percentile 99.3, 31 Oct 2026.
- CVE Program. “CVE-2025-0411”. The official CVE record.
This article is built from CISA’s catalog (version 2026.10.30), NVD’s record and FIRST’s scores, kept in HARD’s database and checked every morning. The plain English is HARD’s.