CVE-2025-68645
CVE-2025-68645 is a security flaw in Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS), email and calendar software companies run on their own servers. Attackers can read files on Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) that should be out of reach from anywhere, without logging in. The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) added it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks on 22 Jan 2026.[1]
Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) is business software or equipment. Most families won’t have it, but attackers break into it to get inside companies, and from there to what those companies hold about their customers, patients and staff. Synacor has published a fix or advice.
Description
CISA calls it a PHP remote file inclusion in Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS). In its words: “Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) contains a PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability that could allow for remote attackers to craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.”[1]
The CVE record adds: “A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the Webmail Classic UI of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1 because of improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.”[2]
The underlying weakness is CWE-98, in MITRE’s list of common software weaknesses.
It scores 8.8 out of 10 on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System, which rates it high, scored by the organisation that published the CVE using CVSS 3.1.[2]
Affected versions
NVD’s record doesn’t list version ranges for it; Synacor’s advisory has them[3]. CISA names the product as Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS).
Most families won’t have Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS); it’s for whoever looks after IT at work.
Exploitation
CISA added it to its catalog of known exploited vulnerabilities on 22 Jan 2026, 31 days after it was made public. CISA lists a flaw only when it has reliable evidence of it being exploited, and gave US federal agencies until 12 Feb 2026 to fix it.[1]
FIRST’s Exploit Prediction Scoring System, which estimates how likely a flaw is to be used in attacks in the next 30 days from what it sees across the internet, puts it at 49%. That’s in the top 2% of the flaws it scores.[4]
CISA assesses it as not automatable: each attack takes some work.
CISA doesn’t say who was attacked, or how.
Fix
Synacor has published a fix or advice.[3] CISA’s required action: “Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”[1]
- Check whether you use it.Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) is business software or equipment, so most families won’t have it. If you run a business, or work from home on company equipment, ask whoever looks after your IT.
- Send this page to your IT person.Ask them to confirm it’s fixed, or not in use. CISA gave US government agencies until 12 Feb 2026 to fix it.
- If it can’t be fixed, take it offline.CISA’s advice when there’s no fix is to stop using the product, or take it off the internet, until there is one.
You can’t fix someone else’s server, but you can watch for what follows a break-in like this: a breach notice, a password reset you didn’t ask for, or a scam message that knows things it shouldn’t. HARD watches for those for you and your family.
Timeline
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| The flaw is made public in the National Vulnerability Database, with a severity score of 8.8.[2] | |
| CISA adds it to its catalog of flaws known to be used in attacks.[1] | |
| CISA’s deadline for US government agencies to fix it.[1] | |
| FIRST puts the odds of it being used in attacks in the next 30 days at 49%.[4] |
See also
Other Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) flaws
- CVE-2026-73570: OS command injection ·
- CVE-2025-48700: cross-site scripting ·
- CVE-2025-66376: cross-site scripting ·
- CVE-2025-27915: cross-site scripting ·
- CVE-2019-9621: server-side request forgery (SSRF) ·
- CVE-2024-27443: cross-site scripting (XSS) ·
Other Synacor flaws
- CVE-2020-7796, Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite: (ZCS) server-side request forgery ·
- CVE-2022-24682, Synacor Zimbra Collaborate Suite (ZCS): cross-site scripting ·
Similar flaws
- CVE-2026-87902, WordPress Core: remote file inclusion ·
Added the same day
- CVE-2025-54313, Prettier eslint-config-prettier: embedded malicious code ·
- CVE-2025-34026, Versa Concerto: improper authentication ·
- CVE-2025-31125, Vitejs: improper access control ·
Every Synacor flaw on CISA’s list · Everything added in January 2026
References
- ^ Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. “Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability”. Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog, added 22 Jan 2026.
- ^ National Institute of Standards and Technology. “CVE-2025-68645 Detail”. National Vulnerability Database, published 22 Dec 2025.
- ^ Synacor. Advisories and fixes: wiki.zimbra.com.
- ^ FIRST. “Exploit Prediction Scoring System”. EPSS 0.489, percentile 98.9, 31 Oct 2026.
- CVE Program. “CVE-2025-68645”. The official CVE record.
This article is built from CISA’s catalog (version 2026.10.30), NVD’s record and FIRST’s scores, kept in HARD’s database and checked every morning. The plain English is HARD’s.